mkfs/main.c

   1 /*
   2         main.c (15.08.10)
   3         Creates exFAT file system.
   4
   5         Copyright (C) 2010  Andrew Nayenko
   6
   7         This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   8         it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   9         the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
  10         (at your option) any later version.
  11
  12         This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  13         but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  14         MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  15         GNU General Public License for more details.
  16
  17         You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  18         along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  19 */
  20
  21 #include <sys/types.h>
  22 #include <sys/time.h>
  23 #include <unistd.h>
  24 #include <inttypes.h>
  25 #include <stdio.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <limits.h>
  28 #include <errno.h>
  29 #include <exfat.h>
  30 #include "vbr.h"
  31 #include "fat.h"
  32 #include "cbm.h"
  33 #include "uct.h"
  34 #include "rootdir.h"
  35
  36 #define ROUND_UP(x, d) (DIV_ROUND_UP(x, d) * (d))
  37
  38 struct exfat_super_block sb;
  39 struct exfat_entry_label label_entry = {EXFAT_ENTRY_LABEL ^ EXFAT_ENTRY_VALID};
  40 struct exfat_entry_bitmap bitmap_entry = {EXFAT_ENTRY_BITMAP};
  41 struct exfat_entry_upcase upcase_entry = {EXFAT_ENTRY_UPCASE};
  42
  43 struct exfat_structure
  44 {
  45         const char* name;
  46         int order;
  47         off_t (*get_alignment)(void);
  48         off_t (*get_size)(void);
  49         int (*write_data)(off_t, int);
  50 };
  51
  52 static int init_sb(off_t volume_size, int sector_bits, int spc_bits,
  53                 uint32_t volume_serial, int first_sector)
  54 {
  55         uint32_t clusters_max = (volume_size >> sector_bits >> spc_bits);
  56         uint32_t fat_sectors = DIV_ROUND_UP(clusters_max * 4, 1 << sector_bits);
  57         uint32_t allocated_clusters;
  58
  59         memset(&sb, 0, sizeof(struct exfat_super_block));
  60         sb.jump[0] = 0xeb;
  61         sb.jump[1] = 0x76;
  62         sb.jump[2] = 0x90;
  63         memcpy(sb.oem_name, "EXFAT   ", sizeof(sb.oem_name));
  64         sb.sector_start = cpu_to_le64(first_sector);
  65         sb.sector_count = cpu_to_le64(volume_size >> sector_bits);
  66         sb.fat_sector_start = cpu_to_le32(128); /* FIXME */
  67         sb.fat_sector_count = cpu_to_le32(ROUND_UP(
  68                         le32_to_cpu(sb.fat_sector_start) + fat_sectors, 1 << spc_bits) -
  69                         le32_to_cpu(sb.fat_sector_start));
  70         /* cluster_sector_start will be set later */
  71         sb.cluster_count = cpu_to_le32(clusters_max -
  72                         ((le32_to_cpu(sb.fat_sector_start) +
  73                           le32_to_cpu(sb.fat_sector_count)) >> spc_bits));
  74         /* rootdir_cluster will be set later */
  75         sb.volume_serial = cpu_to_le32(volume_serial);
  76         sb.version.major = 1;
  77         sb.version.minor = 0;
  78         sb.volume_state = cpu_to_le16(0);
  79         sb.sector_bits = sector_bits;
  80         sb.spc_bits = spc_bits;
  81         sb.fat_count = 1;
  82         sb.drive_no = 0x80;
  83         sb.allocated_percent = 0;
  84         sb.boot_signature = cpu_to_le16(0xaa55);
  85
  86         allocated_clusters =
  87                         DIV_ROUND_UP(cbm_size(), CLUSTER_SIZE(sb)) +
  88                         DIV_ROUND_UP(uct_size(), CLUSTER_SIZE(sb)) +
  89                         DIV_ROUND_UP(rootdir_size(), CLUSTER_SIZE(sb));
  90         if (clusters_max < ((le32_to_cpu(sb.fat_sector_start) +
  91                         le32_to_cpu(sb.fat_sector_count)) >> spc_bits) +
  92                         allocated_clusters)
  93         {
  94                 exfat_error("too small volume (%"PRIu64" bytes)", volume_size);
  95                 return 1;
  96         }
  97         exfat_print_info(&sb, le32_to_cpu(sb.cluster_count) -
  98                         allocated_clusters);
  99         return 0;
 100 }
 101
 102 static int erase_device(int fd)
 103 {
 104         off_t erase_size;
 105         off_t erase_blocks;
 106         long block_size;
 107         void* block;
 108         off_t i;
 109
 110         block_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
 111         if (block_size < 1)
 112                 block_size = 0x1000;
 113
 114         erase_size = ((uint64_t)
 115                         le32_to_cpu(sb.fat_sector_start) +
 116                         le32_to_cpu(sb.fat_sector_count)) * SECTOR_SIZE(sb);
 117         erase_size = ROUND_UP(erase_size, cbm_alignment());
 118         erase_size += cbm_size();
 119         erase_size = ROUND_UP(erase_size, uct_alignment());
 120         erase_size += uct_size();
 121         erase_size = ROUND_UP(erase_size, rootdir_alignment());
 122         erase_size += rootdir_size();
 123
 124         erase_blocks = DIV_ROUND_UP(erase_size, block_size);
 125
 126         if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) == (off_t) -1)
 127         {
 128                 exfat_error("seek failed");
 129                 return 1;
 130         }
 131
 132         block = malloc(block_size);
 133         if (block == NULL)
 134         {
 135                 exfat_error("failed to allocate erase block");
 136                 return 1;
 137         }
 138         memset(block, 0, block_size);
 139
 140         for (i = 0; i < erase_blocks; i++)
 141         {
 142                 if (write(fd, block, block_size) == -1)
 143                 {
 144                         free(block);
 145                         exfat_error("failed to erase block %"PRIu64, i);
 146                         return 1;
 147                 }
 148                 if (i * 100 / erase_blocks != (i + 1) * 100 / erase_blocks)
 149                 {
 150                         printf("\b\b\b%2"PRIu64"%%", (i + 1) * 100 / erase_blocks);
 151                         fflush(stdout);
 152                 }
 153         }
 154         free(block);
 155         return 0;
 156 }
 157
 158 /*
 159  * exFAT layout:
 160  * - Volume Boot Record (VBR)
 161  *   - Main Boot Sector (MBR)
 162  *   - Main Extended Boot Sectors (MEBS)
 163  *   - OEM Parameters
 164  *   - Reserved sector
 165  *   - Checksum sector
 166  * - Volume Boot Record copy
 167  * - File Allocation Table (FAT)
 168  * - Clusters heap
 169  *   - Clusters bitmap
 170  *   - Upper case table
 171  *   - Root directory
 172  */
 173 #define FS_OBJECT(order, name) \
 174         {#name, order, name##_alignment, name##_size, name##_write}
 175 static struct exfat_structure structures[] =
 176 {
 177         FS_OBJECT(3, vbr),
 178         FS_OBJECT(3, vbr),
 179         FS_OBJECT(2, fat),
 180         FS_OBJECT(1, cbm),
 181         FS_OBJECT(1, uct),
 182         FS_OBJECT(1, rootdir)
 183 };
 184 #undef FS_OBJECT
 185
 186 static off_t write_structure(int fd, struct exfat_structure* structure,
 187                 off_t current)
 188 {
 189         off_t alignment = structure->get_alignment();
 190         off_t base = ROUND_UP(current, alignment);
 191
 192         if (lseek(fd, base, SEEK_SET) == (off_t) -1)
 193         {
 194                 exfat_error("seek to %"PRIu64" failed", base);
 195                 return -1;
 196         }
 197         if (structure->order > 0)
 198         {
 199                 int rc = structure->write_data(base, fd);
 200                 if (rc != 0)
 201                 {
 202                         exfat_error("%s creation failed: %s", structure->name,
 203                                         strerror(rc));
 204                         return -1;
 205                 }
 206                 structure->order--;
 207         }
 208         return base + structure->get_size();
 209 }
 210
 211 static int write_structures(int fd)
 212 {
 213         off_t current;
 214         size_t i;
 215         int remainder;
 216
 217         do
 218         {
 219                 current = 0;
 220                 remainder = 0;
 221                 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(structures) / sizeof(structures[0]); i++)
 222                 {
 223                         current = write_structure(fd, &structures[i], current);
 224                         if (current == (off_t) -1)
 225                                 return 1;
 226                         remainder += structures[i].order;
 227                 }
 228         }
 229         while (remainder > 0);
 230         return 0;
 231 }
 232
 233 static int get_spc_bits(int user_defined, off_t volume_size)
 234 {
 235         if (user_defined != -1)
 236                 return user_defined;
 237
 238         if (volume_size < 256ull * 1024 * 1024)
 239                 return 3;       /* 4 KB */
 240         else if (volume_size < 32ull * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
 241                 return 6;       /* 32 KB */
 242         else
 243                 return 8;       /* 128 KB */
 244 }
 245
 246 static int set_volume_label(int fd, const char* volume_label)
 247 {
 248         le16_t tmp[EXFAT_ENAME_MAX + 1];
 249
 250         if (volume_label == NULL)
 251                 return 0;
 252
 253         memset(tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp));
 254         if (utf8_to_utf16(tmp, volume_label, EXFAT_ENAME_MAX,
 255                                 strlen(volume_label)) != 0)
 256         {
 257                 close(fd);
 258                 return 1;
 259         }
 260         memcpy(label_entry.name, tmp, EXFAT_ENAME_MAX * sizeof(le16_t));
 261         label_entry.length = utf16_length(tmp);
 262         label_entry.type |= EXFAT_ENTRY_VALID;
 263         return 0;
 264 }
 265
 266 static uint32_t get_volume_serial(uint32_t user_defined)
 267 {
 268         struct timeval now;
 269
 270         if (user_defined != 0)
 271                 return user_defined;
 272
 273         if (gettimeofday(&now, NULL) != 0)
 274                 return 0;
 275         return (now.tv_sec << 20) | now.tv_usec;
 276 }
 277
 278 static int mkfs(const char* spec, int sector_bits, int spc_bits,
 279                 const char* volume_label, uint32_t volume_serial, int first_sector)
 280 {
 281         int fd;
 282         off_t volume_size;
 283
 284         fd = exfat_open(spec, 0);
 285         if (fd < 0)
 286                 return 1;
 287
 288         volume_size = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
 289         if (volume_size == (off_t) -1)
 290         {
 291                 close(fd);
 292                 exfat_error("seek failed");
 293                 return 1;
 294         }
 295         spc_bits = get_spc_bits(spc_bits, volume_size);
 296
 297         if (set_volume_label(fd, volume_label) != 0)
 298         {
 299                 close(fd);
 300                 return 1;
 301         }
 302
 303         volume_serial = get_volume_serial(volume_serial);
 304         if (volume_serial == 0)
 305         {
 306                 close(fd);
 307                 exfat_error("failed to get current time to form volume id");
 308                 return 1;
 309         }
 310
 311         if (init_sb(volume_size, sector_bits, spc_bits, volume_serial,
 312                                 first_sector) != 0)
 313         {
 314                 close(fd);
 315                 return 1;
 316         }
 317
 318         printf("Creating... %2u%%", 0);
 319         fflush(stdout);
 320         if (erase_device(fd) != 0)
 321         {
 322                 close(fd);
 323                 return 1;
 324         }
 325         if (write_structures(fd) != 0)
 326         {
 327                 close(fd);
 328                 return 1;
 329         }
 330         puts("\b\b\b\bdone.");
 331
 332         printf("Flushing... ");
 333         fflush(stdout);
 334         if (fsync(fd) < 0)
 335         {
 336                 close(fd);
 337                 exfat_error("fsync failed");
 338                 return 1;
 339         }
 340         puts("done.");
 341         if (close(fd) < 0)
 342         {
 343                 exfat_error("close failed");
 344                 return 1;
 345         }
 346         printf("File system created successfully.\n");
 347         return 0;
 348 }
 349
 350 static int logarithm2(int n)
 351 {
 352         int i;
 353
 354         for (i = 0; i < sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1; i++)
 355                 if ((1 << i) == n)
 356                         return i;
 357         return -1;
 358 }
 359
 360 static void usage(const char* prog)
 361 {
 362         fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-i volume-id] [-n label] "
 363                         "[-p partition-first-sector] "
 364                         "[-s sectors-per-cluster] [-v] <device>\n", prog);
 365         exit(1);
 366 }
 367
 368 int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 369 {
 370         const char* spec = NULL;
 371         char** pp;
 372         int spc_bits = -1;
 373         const char* volume_label = NULL;
 374         uint32_t volume_serial = 0;
 375         int first_sector = 0;
 376
 377         printf("mkexfatfs %u.%u.%u\n",
 378                         EXFAT_VERSION_MAJOR, EXFAT_VERSION_MINOR, EXFAT_VERSION_PATCH);
 379
 380         for (pp = argv + 1; *pp; pp++)
 381         {
 382                 if (strcmp(*pp, "-s") == 0)
 383                 {
 384                         pp++;
 385                         if (*pp == NULL)
 386                                 usage(argv[0]);
 387                         spc_bits = logarithm2(atoi(*pp));
 388                         if (spc_bits < 0)
 389                         {
 390                                 exfat_error("invalid option value: `%s'", *pp);
 391                                 return 1;
 392                         }
 393                 }
 394                 else if (strcmp(*pp, "-n") == 0)
 395                 {
 396                         pp++;
 397                         if (*pp == NULL)
 398                                 usage(argv[0]);
 399                         volume_label = *pp;
 400                         /* TODO check length */
 401                 }
 402                 else if (strcmp(*pp, "-i") == 0)
 403                 {
 404                         pp++;
 405                         if (*pp == NULL)
 406                                 usage(argv[0]);
 407                         volume_serial = strtol(*pp, NULL, 16);
 408                 }
 409                 else if (strcmp(*pp, "-p") == 0)
 410                 {
 411                         pp++;
 412                         if (*pp == NULL)
 413                                 usage(argv[0]);
 414                         first_sector = atoi(*pp);
 415                 }
 416                 else if (strcmp(*pp, "-v") == 0)
 417                 {
 418                         puts("Copyright (C) 2010  Andrew Nayenko");
 419                         return 0;
 420                 }
 421                 else if (spec == NULL)
 422                         spec = *pp;
 423                 else
 424                         usage(argv[0]);
 425         }
 426         if (spec == NULL)
 427                 usage(argv[0]);
 428
 429         return mkfs(spec, 9, spc_bits, volume_label, volume_serial, first_sector);
 430 }