mkfs/mkfs.c

   1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
   2 /*
   3  *   Copyright (C) 2019 Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@kernel.org>
   4  */
   5
   6 #include <stdio.h>
   7 #include <stdlib.h>
   8 #include <stdbool.h>
   9 #include <string.h>
  10 #include <unistd.h>
  11 #include <sys/types.h>
  12 #include <sys/stat.h>
  13 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  14 #include <fcntl.h>
  15 #include <getopt.h>
  16 #include <inttypes.h>
  17 #include <limits.h>
  18 #include <errno.h>
  19 #include <locale.h>
  20 #include <time.h>
  21
  22 #include "exfat_ondisk.h"
  23 #include "libexfat.h"
  24 #include "mkfs.h"
  25
  26 struct exfat_mkfs_info finfo;
  27
  28 /* random serial generator based on current time */
  29 static unsigned int get_new_serial(void)
  30 {
  31         struct timespec ts;
  32
  33         if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts)) {
  34                 /* set 0000-0000 on error */
  35                 ts.tv_sec = 0;
  36                 ts.tv_nsec = 0;
  37         }
  38
  39         return (unsigned int)(ts.tv_nsec << 12 | ts.tv_sec);
  40 }
  41
  42 static void exfat_setup_boot_sector(struct pbr *ppbr,
  43                 struct exfat_blk_dev *bd, struct exfat_user_input *ui)
  44 {
  45         struct bpb64 *pbpb = &ppbr->bpb;
  46         struct bsx64 *pbsx = &ppbr->bsx;
  47         unsigned int i;
  48
  49         /* Fill exfat BIOS paramemter block */
  50         pbpb->jmp_boot[0] = 0xeb;
  51         pbpb->jmp_boot[1] = 0x76;
  52         pbpb->jmp_boot[2] = 0x90;
  53         memcpy(pbpb->oem_name, "EXFAT   ", 8);
  54         memset(pbpb->res_zero, 0, 53);
  55
  56         /* Fill exfat extend BIOS paramemter block */
  57         pbsx->vol_offset = cpu_to_le64(bd->offset / bd->sector_size);
  58         pbsx->vol_length = cpu_to_le64(bd->size / bd->sector_size);
  59         pbsx->fat_offset = cpu_to_le32(finfo.fat_byte_off / bd->sector_size);
  60         pbsx->fat_length = cpu_to_le32(finfo.fat_byte_len / bd->sector_size);
  61         pbsx->clu_offset = cpu_to_le32(finfo.clu_byte_off / bd->sector_size);
  62         pbsx->clu_count = cpu_to_le32(finfo.total_clu_cnt);
  63         pbsx->root_cluster = cpu_to_le32(finfo.root_start_clu);
  64         pbsx->vol_serial = cpu_to_le32(finfo.volume_serial);
  65         pbsx->vol_flags = 0;
  66         pbsx->sect_size_bits = bd->sector_size_bits;
  67         pbsx->sect_per_clus_bits = 0;
  68         /* Compute base 2 logarithm of ui->cluster_size / bd->sector_size */
  69         for (i = ui->cluster_size / bd->sector_size; i > 1; i /= 2)
  70                 pbsx->sect_per_clus_bits++;
  71         pbsx->num_fats = 1;
  72         /* fs_version[0] : minor and fs_version[1] : major */
  73         pbsx->fs_version[0] = 0;
  74         pbsx->fs_version[1] = 1;
  75         memset(pbsx->reserved2, 0, 7);
  76
  77         memset(ppbr->boot_code, 0, 390);
  78         ppbr->signature = cpu_to_le16(PBR_SIGNATURE);
  79
  80         exfat_debug("Volume Offset(sectors) : %" PRIu64 "\n",
  81                 le64_to_cpu(pbsx->vol_offset));
  82         exfat_debug("Volume Length(sectors) : %" PRIu64 "\n",
  83                 le64_to_cpu(pbsx->vol_length));
  84         exfat_debug("FAT Offset(sector offset) : %u\n",
  85                 le32_to_cpu(pbsx->fat_offset));
  86         exfat_debug("FAT Length(sectors) : %u\n",
  87                 le32_to_cpu(pbsx->fat_length));
  88         exfat_debug("Cluster Heap Offset (sector offset) : %u\n",
  89                 le32_to_cpu(pbsx->clu_offset));
  90         exfat_debug("Cluster Count : %u\n",
  91                 le32_to_cpu(pbsx->clu_count));
  92         exfat_debug("Root Cluster (cluster offset) : %u\n",
  93                 le32_to_cpu(pbsx->root_cluster));
  94         exfat_debug("Volume Serial : 0x%x\n", le32_to_cpu(pbsx->vol_serial));
  95         exfat_debug("Sector Size Bits : %u\n",
  96                 pbsx->sect_size_bits);
  97         exfat_debug("Sector per Cluster bits : %u\n",
  98                 pbsx->sect_per_clus_bits);
  99 }
 100
 101 static int exfat_write_boot_sector(struct exfat_blk_dev *bd,
 102                 struct exfat_user_input *ui, unsigned int *checksum,
 103                 bool is_backup)
 104 {
 105         struct pbr *ppbr;
 106         unsigned int sec_idx = BOOT_SEC_IDX;
 107         int ret = 0;
 108
 109         if (is_backup)
 110                 sec_idx += BACKUP_BOOT_SEC_IDX;
 111
 112         ppbr = malloc(sizeof(struct pbr));
 113         if (!ppbr) {
 114                 exfat_err("Cannot allocate pbr: out of memory\n");
 115                 return -1;
 116         }
 117         memset(ppbr, 0, sizeof(struct pbr));
 118
 119         exfat_setup_boot_sector(ppbr, bd, ui);
 120
 121         /* write main boot sector */
 122         ret = exfat_write_sector(bd, ppbr, sec_idx);
 123         if (ret < 0) {
 124                 exfat_err("main boot sector write failed\n");
 125                 ret = -1;
 126                 goto free_ppbr;
 127         }
 128
 129         boot_calc_checksum((unsigned char *)ppbr, sizeof(struct pbr),
 130                 true, checksum);
 131
 132 free_ppbr:
 133         free(ppbr);
 134         return ret;
 135 }
 136
 137 static int exfat_write_extended_boot_sectors(struct exfat_blk_dev *bd,
 138                 unsigned int *checksum, bool is_backup)
 139 {
 140         struct exbs eb;
 141         int i;
 142         unsigned int sec_idx = EXBOOT_SEC_IDX;
 143
 144         if (is_backup)
 145                 sec_idx += BACKUP_BOOT_SEC_IDX;
 146
 147         memset(&eb, 0, sizeof(struct exbs));
 148         eb.signature = cpu_to_le16(PBR_SIGNATURE);
 149         for (i = 0; i < EXBOOT_SEC_NUM; i++) {
 150                 if (exfat_write_sector(bd, &eb, sec_idx++)) {
 151                         exfat_err("extended boot sector write failed\n");
 152                         return -1;
 153                 }
 154
 155                 boot_calc_checksum((unsigned char *) &eb, sizeof(struct exbs),
 156                         false, checksum);
 157         }
 158
 159         return 0;
 160 }
 161
 162 static int exfat_write_oem_sector(struct exfat_blk_dev *bd,
 163                 unsigned int *checksum, bool is_backup)
 164 {
 165         char *oem;
 166         int ret = 0;
 167         unsigned int sec_idx = OEM_SEC_IDX;
 168
 169         oem = malloc(bd->sector_size);
 170         if (!oem)
 171                 return -1;
 172
 173         if (is_backup)
 174                 sec_idx += BACKUP_BOOT_SEC_IDX;
 175
 176         memset(oem, 0xFF, bd->sector_size);
 177         ret = exfat_write_sector(bd, oem, sec_idx);
 178         if (ret) {
 179                 exfat_err("oem sector write failed\n");
 180                 ret = -1;
 181                 goto free_oem;
 182         }
 183
 184         boot_calc_checksum((unsigned char *)oem, bd->sector_size, false,
 185                 checksum);
 186
 187         /* Zero out reserved sector */
 188         memset(oem, 0, bd->sector_size);
 189         ret = exfat_write_sector(bd, oem, sec_idx + 1);
 190         if (ret) {
 191                 exfat_err("reserved sector write failed\n");
 192                 ret = -1;
 193                 goto free_oem;
 194         }
 195
 196         boot_calc_checksum((unsigned char *)oem, bd->sector_size, false,
 197                 checksum);
 198
 199 free_oem:
 200         free(oem);
 201         return ret;
 202 }
 203
 204 static int exfat_create_volume_boot_record(struct exfat_blk_dev *bd,
 205                 struct exfat_user_input *ui, bool is_backup)
 206 {
 207         unsigned int checksum = 0;
 208         int ret;
 209
 210         ret = exfat_write_boot_sector(bd, ui, &checksum, is_backup);
 211         if (ret)
 212                 return ret;
 213         ret = exfat_write_extended_boot_sectors(bd, &checksum, is_backup);
 214         if (ret)
 215                 return ret;
 216         ret = exfat_write_oem_sector(bd, &checksum, is_backup);
 217         if (ret)
 218                 return ret;
 219
 220         return exfat_write_checksum_sector(bd, checksum, is_backup);
 221 }
 222
 223 static int write_fat_entry(int fd, __le32 clu,
 224                 unsigned long long offset)
 225 {
 226         int nbyte;
 227
 228         lseek(fd, finfo.fat_byte_off + (offset * sizeof(__le32)), SEEK_SET);
 229         nbyte = write(fd, (__u8 *) &clu, sizeof(__le32));
 230         if (nbyte != sizeof(int)) {
 231                 exfat_err("write failed, offset : %llu, clu : %x\n",
 232                         offset, clu);
 233                 return -1;
 234         }
 235
 236         return 0;
 237 }
 238
 239 static int write_fat_entries(struct exfat_user_input *ui, int fd,
 240                 unsigned int clu, unsigned int length)
 241 {
 242         int ret;
 243         unsigned int count;
 244
 245         count = clu + round_up(length, ui->cluster_size) / ui->cluster_size;
 246
 247         for (; clu < count - 1; clu++) {
 248                 ret = write_fat_entry(fd, cpu_to_le32(clu + 1), clu);
 249                 if (ret)
 250                         return ret;
 251         }
 252
 253         ret = write_fat_entry(fd, cpu_to_le32(EXFAT_EOF_CLUSTER), clu);
 254         if (ret)
 255                 return ret;
 256
 257         return clu;
 258 }
 259
 260 static int exfat_create_fat_table(struct exfat_blk_dev *bd,
 261                 struct exfat_user_input *ui)
 262 {
 263         int ret, clu;
 264
 265         /* fat entry 0 should be media type field(0xF8) */
 266         ret = write_fat_entry(bd->dev_fd, cpu_to_le32(0xfffffff8), 0);
 267         if (ret) {
 268                 exfat_err("fat 0 entry write failed\n");
 269                 return ret;
 270         }
 271
 272         /* fat entry 1 is historical precedence(0xFFFFFFFF) */
 273         ret = write_fat_entry(bd->dev_fd, cpu_to_le32(0xffffffff), 1);
 274         if (ret) {
 275                 exfat_err("fat 1 entry write failed\n");
 276                 return ret;
 277         }
 278
 279         /* write bitmap entries */
 280         clu = write_fat_entries(ui, bd->dev_fd, EXFAT_FIRST_CLUSTER,
 281                 finfo.bitmap_byte_len);
 282         if (clu < 0)
 283                 return ret;
 284
 285         /* write upcase table entries */
 286         clu = write_fat_entries(ui, bd->dev_fd, clu + 1, finfo.ut_byte_len);
 287         if (clu < 0)
 288                 return ret;
 289
 290         /* write root directory entries */
 291         clu = write_fat_entries(ui, bd->dev_fd, clu + 1, finfo.root_byte_len);
 292         if (clu < 0)
 293                 return ret;
 294
 295         finfo.used_clu_cnt = clu + 1;
 296         exfat_debug("Total used cluster count : %d\n", finfo.used_clu_cnt);
 297
 298         return ret;
 299 }
 300
 301 static int exfat_create_bitmap(struct exfat_blk_dev *bd)
 302 {
 303         char *bitmap;
 304         unsigned int i, nbytes;
 305
 306         bitmap = calloc(finfo.bitmap_byte_len, sizeof(*bitmap));
 307         if (!bitmap)
 308                 return -1;
 309
 310         for (i = 0; i < finfo.used_clu_cnt - EXFAT_FIRST_CLUSTER; i++)
 311                 exfat_set_bit(bd, bitmap, i);
 312
 313         lseek(bd->dev_fd, finfo.bitmap_byte_off, SEEK_SET);
 314         nbytes = write(bd->dev_fd, bitmap, finfo.bitmap_byte_len);
 315         if (nbytes != finfo.bitmap_byte_len) {
 316                 exfat_err("write failed, nbytes : %d, bitmap_len : %d\n",
 317                         nbytes, finfo.bitmap_byte_len);
 318                 free(bitmap);
 319                 return -1;
 320         }
 321
 322         free(bitmap);
 323         return 0;
 324 }
 325
 326 static int exfat_create_root_dir(struct exfat_blk_dev *bd,
 327                 struct exfat_user_input *ui)
 328 {
 329         struct exfat_dentry ed[3];
 330         int dentries_len = sizeof(struct exfat_dentry) * 3;
 331         int nbytes;
 332
 333         /* Set volume label entry */
 334         ed[0].type = EXFAT_VOLUME;
 335         memset(ed[0].vol_label, 0, 22);
 336         memcpy(ed[0].vol_label, ui->volume_label, ui->volume_label_len);
 337         ed[0].vol_char_cnt = ui->volume_label_len/2;
 338
 339         /* Set bitmap entry */
 340         ed[1].type = EXFAT_BITMAP;
 341         ed[1].bitmap_flags = 0;
 342         ed[1].bitmap_start_clu = cpu_to_le32(EXFAT_FIRST_CLUSTER);
 343         ed[1].bitmap_size = cpu_to_le64(finfo.bitmap_byte_len);
 344
 345         /* Set upcase table entry */
 346         ed[2].type = EXFAT_UPCASE;
 347         ed[2].upcase_checksum = cpu_to_le32(0xe619d30d);
 348         ed[2].upcase_start_clu = cpu_to_le32(finfo.ut_start_clu);
 349         ed[2].upcase_size = cpu_to_le64(EXFAT_UPCASE_TABLE_SIZE);
 350
 351         lseek(bd->dev_fd, finfo.root_byte_off, SEEK_SET);
 352         nbytes = write(bd->dev_fd, ed, dentries_len);
 353         if (nbytes != dentries_len) {
 354                 exfat_err("write failed, nbytes : %d, dentries_len : %d\n",
 355                         nbytes, dentries_len);
 356                 return -1;
 357         }
 358
 359         return 0;
 360 }
 361
 362 static void usage(void)
 363 {
 364         fputs("Usage: mkfs.exfat\n"
 365                 "\t-L | --volume-label=label                              Set volume label\n"
 366                 "\t-c | --cluster-size=size(or suffixed by 'K' or 'M')    Specify cluster size\n"
 367                 "\t-b | --boundary-align=size(or suffixed by 'K' or 'M')  Specify boundary alignment\n"
 368                 "\t     --pack-bitmap                                     Move bitmap into FAT segment\n"
 369                 "\t-f | --full-format                                     Full format\n"
 370                 "\t-V | --version                                         Show version\n"
 371                 "\t-v | --verbose                                         Print debug\n"
 372                 "\t-h | --help                                            Show help\n",
 373                 stderr);
 374
 375         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 376 }
 377
 378 #define PACK_BITMAP (CHAR_MAX + 1)
 379
 380 static const struct option opts[] = {
 381         {"volume-label",        required_argument,      NULL,   'L' },
 382         {"cluster-size",        required_argument,      NULL,   'c' },
 383         {"boundary-align",      required_argument,      NULL,   'b' },
 384         {"pack-bitmap",         no_argument,            NULL,   PACK_BITMAP },
 385         {"full-format",         no_argument,            NULL,   'f' },
 386         {"version",             no_argument,            NULL,   'V' },
 387         {"verbose",             no_argument,            NULL,   'v' },
 388         {"help",                no_argument,            NULL,   'h' },
 389         {"?",                   no_argument,            NULL,   '?' },
 390         {NULL,                  0,                      NULL,    0  }
 391 };
 392
 393 /*
 394  * Moves the bitmap to just before the alignment boundary if there is space
 395  * between the boundary and the end of the FAT. This may allow the FAT and the
 396  * bitmap to share the same allocation unit on flash media, thereby improving
 397  * performance and endurance.
 398  */
 399 static int exfat_pack_bitmap(const struct exfat_user_input *ui)
 400 {
 401         unsigned int fat_byte_end = finfo.fat_byte_off + finfo.fat_byte_len,
 402                 bitmap_byte_len = finfo.bitmap_byte_len,
 403                 bitmap_clu_len = round_up(bitmap_byte_len, ui->cluster_size),
 404                 bitmap_clu_cnt, total_clu_cnt, new_bitmap_clu_len;
 405
 406         for (;;) {
 407                 bitmap_clu_cnt = bitmap_clu_len / ui->cluster_size;
 408                 if (finfo.clu_byte_off - bitmap_clu_len < fat_byte_end ||
 409                                 finfo.total_clu_cnt > EXFAT_MAX_NUM_CLUSTER -
 410                                         bitmap_clu_cnt)
 411                         return -1;
 412                 total_clu_cnt = finfo.total_clu_cnt + bitmap_clu_cnt;
 413                 bitmap_byte_len = round_up(total_clu_cnt, 8) / 8;
 414                 new_bitmap_clu_len = round_up(bitmap_byte_len, ui->cluster_size);
 415                 if (new_bitmap_clu_len == bitmap_clu_len) {
 416                         finfo.clu_byte_off -= bitmap_clu_len;
 417                         finfo.total_clu_cnt = total_clu_cnt;
 418                         finfo.bitmap_byte_off -= bitmap_clu_len;
 419                         finfo.bitmap_byte_len = bitmap_byte_len;
 420                         return 0;
 421                 }
 422                 bitmap_clu_len = new_bitmap_clu_len;
 423         }
 424 }
 425
 426 static int exfat_build_mkfs_info(struct exfat_blk_dev *bd,
 427                 struct exfat_user_input *ui)
 428 {
 429         unsigned long long total_clu_cnt;
 430         int clu_len;
 431
 432         if (ui->boundary_align < bd->sector_size) {
 433                 exfat_err("boundary alignment is too small (min %d)\n",
 434                                 bd->sector_size);
 435                 return -1;
 436         }
 437         finfo.fat_byte_off = round_up(bd->offset + 24 * bd->sector_size,
 438                         ui->boundary_align) - bd->offset;
 439         finfo.fat_byte_len = round_up((bd->num_clusters * sizeof(int)),
 440                 ui->cluster_size);
 441         finfo.clu_byte_off = round_up(bd->offset + finfo.fat_byte_off +
 442                 finfo.fat_byte_len, ui->boundary_align) - bd->offset;
 443         if (bd->size <= finfo.clu_byte_off) {
 444                 exfat_err("boundary alignment is too big\n");
 445                 return -1;
 446         }
 447         total_clu_cnt = (bd->size - finfo.clu_byte_off) / ui->cluster_size;
 448         if (total_clu_cnt > EXFAT_MAX_NUM_CLUSTER) {
 449                 exfat_err("cluster size is too small\n");
 450                 return -1;
 451         }
 452         finfo.total_clu_cnt = (unsigned int) total_clu_cnt;
 453
 454         finfo.bitmap_byte_off = finfo.clu_byte_off;
 455         finfo.bitmap_byte_len = round_up(finfo.total_clu_cnt, 8) / 8;
 456         if (ui->pack_bitmap)
 457                 exfat_pack_bitmap(ui);
 458         clu_len = round_up(finfo.bitmap_byte_len, ui->cluster_size);
 459
 460         finfo.ut_start_clu = EXFAT_FIRST_CLUSTER + clu_len / ui->cluster_size;
 461         finfo.ut_byte_off = finfo.bitmap_byte_off + clu_len;
 462         finfo.ut_byte_len = EXFAT_UPCASE_TABLE_SIZE;
 463         clu_len = round_up(finfo.ut_byte_len, ui->cluster_size);
 464
 465         finfo.root_start_clu = finfo.ut_start_clu + clu_len / ui->cluster_size;
 466         finfo.root_byte_off = finfo.ut_byte_off + clu_len;
 467         finfo.root_byte_len = sizeof(struct exfat_dentry) * 3;
 468         finfo.volume_serial = get_new_serial();
 469
 470         return 0;
 471 }
 472
 473 static int exfat_zero_out_disk(struct exfat_blk_dev *bd,
 474                 struct exfat_user_input *ui)
 475 {
 476         int nbytes;
 477         unsigned long long total_written = 0;
 478         char *buf;
 479         unsigned int chunk_size = ui->cluster_size;
 480         unsigned long long size;
 481
 482         if (ui->quick)
 483                 size = finfo.root_byte_off + chunk_size;
 484         else
 485                 size = bd->size;
 486
 487         buf = malloc(chunk_size);
 488         if (!buf)
 489                 return -1;
 490
 491         memset(buf, 0, chunk_size);
 492         lseek(bd->dev_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
 493         do {
 494
 495                 nbytes = write(bd->dev_fd, buf, chunk_size);
 496                 if (nbytes <= 0) {
 497                         if (nbytes < 0)
 498                                 exfat_err("write failed(errno : %d)\n", errno);
 499                         break;
 500                 }
 501                 total_written += nbytes;
 502         } while (total_written < size);
 503
 504         free(buf);
 505         exfat_debug("zero out written size : %llu, disk size : %llu\n",
 506                 total_written, bd->size);
 507         return 0;
 508 }
 509
 510 static int make_exfat(struct exfat_blk_dev *bd, struct exfat_user_input *ui)
 511 {
 512         int ret;
 513
 514         exfat_info("Creating exFAT filesystem(%s, cluster size=%u)\n\n",
 515                 ui->dev_name, ui->cluster_size);
 516
 517         exfat_info("Writing volume boot record: ");
 518         ret = exfat_create_volume_boot_record(bd, ui, 0);
 519         exfat_info("%s\n", ret ? "failed" : "done");
 520         if (ret)
 521                 return ret;
 522
 523         exfat_info("Writing backup volume boot record: ");
 524         /* backup sector */
 525         ret = exfat_create_volume_boot_record(bd, ui, 1);
 526         exfat_info("%s\n", ret ? "failed" : "done");
 527         if (ret)
 528                 return ret;
 529
 530         exfat_info("Fat table creation: ");
 531         ret = exfat_create_fat_table(bd, ui);
 532         exfat_info("%s\n", ret ? "failed" : "done");
 533         if (ret)
 534                 return ret;
 535
 536         exfat_info("Allocation bitmap creation: ");
 537         ret = exfat_create_bitmap(bd);
 538         exfat_info("%s\n", ret ? "failed" : "done");
 539         if (ret)
 540                 return ret;
 541
 542         exfat_info("Upcase table creation: ");
 543         ret = exfat_create_upcase_table(bd);
 544         exfat_info("%s\n", ret ? "failed" : "done");
 545         if (ret)
 546                 return ret;
 547
 548         exfat_info("Writing root directory entry: ");
 549         ret = exfat_create_root_dir(bd, ui);
 550         exfat_info("%s\n", ret ? "failed" : "done");
 551         if (ret)
 552                 return ret;
 553
 554         return 0;
 555 }
 556
 557 static long long parse_size(const char *size)
 558 {
 559         char *data_unit;
 560         unsigned long long byte_size = strtoull(size, &data_unit, 0);
 561
 562         switch (*data_unit) {
 563         case 'M':
 564         case 'm':
 565                 byte_size <<= 20;
 566                 break;
 567         case 'K':
 568         case 'k':
 569                 byte_size <<= 10;
 570                 break;
 571         case '\0':
 572                 break;
 573         default:
 574                 exfat_err("Wrong unit input('%c') for size\n",
 575                                 *data_unit);
 576                 return -EINVAL;
 577         }
 578
 579         return byte_size;
 580 }
 581
 582 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 583 {
 584         int c;
 585         int ret = EXIT_FAILURE;
 586         struct exfat_blk_dev bd;
 587         struct exfat_user_input ui;
 588         bool version_only = false;
 589
 590         init_user_input(&ui);
 591
 592         if (!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, ""))
 593                 exfat_err("failed to init locale/codeset\n");
 594
 595         opterr = 0;
 596         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "n:L:c:b:fVvh", opts, NULL)) != EOF)
 597                 switch (c) {
 598                 /*
 599                  * Make 'n' option fallthrough to 'L' option for for backward
 600                  * compatibility with old utils.
 601                  */
 602                 case 'n':
 603                 case 'L':
 604                 {
 605                         ret = exfat_utf16_enc(optarg,
 606                                 ui.volume_label, sizeof(ui.volume_label));
 607                         if (ret < 0)
 608                                 goto out;
 609
 610                         ui.volume_label_len = ret;
 611                         break;
 612                 }
 613                 case 'c':
 614                         ret = parse_size(optarg);
 615                         if (ret < 0)
 616                                 goto out;
 617                         else if (ret & (ret - 1)) {
 618                                 exfat_err("cluster size(%d) is not a power of 2)\n",
 619                                         ret);
 620                                 goto out;
 621                         } else if (ret > EXFAT_MAX_CLUSTER_SIZE) {
 622                                 exfat_err("cluster size(%d) exceeds max cluster size(%d)\n",
 623                                         ui.cluster_size, EXFAT_MAX_CLUSTER_SIZE);
 624                                 goto out;
 625                         }
 626                         ui.cluster_size = ret;
 627                         break;
 628                 case 'b':
 629                         ret = parse_size(optarg);
 630                         if (ret < 0)
 631                                 goto out;
 632                         else if (ret & (ret - 1)) {
 633                                 exfat_err("boundary align(%d) is not a power of 2)\n",
 634                                         ret);
 635                                 goto out;
 636                         }
 637                         ui.boundary_align = ret;
 638                         break;
 639                 case PACK_BITMAP:
 640                         ui.pack_bitmap = true;
 641                         break;
 642                 case 'f':
 643                         ui.quick = false;
 644                         break;
 645                 case 'V':
 646                         version_only = true;
 647                         break;
 648                 case 'v':
 649                         print_level = EXFAT_DEBUG;
 650                         break;
 651                 case '?':
 652                 case 'h':
 653                 default:
 654                         usage();
 655         }
 656
 657         show_version();
 658         if (version_only)
 659                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 660
 661         if (argc - optind != 1) {
 662                 usage();
 663         }
 664
 665         memset(ui.dev_name, 0, sizeof(ui.dev_name));
 666         snprintf(ui.dev_name, sizeof(ui.dev_name), "%s", argv[optind]);
 667
 668         ret = exfat_get_blk_dev_info(&ui, &bd);
 669         if (ret < 0)
 670                 goto out;
 671
 672         ret = exfat_build_mkfs_info(&bd, &ui);
 673         if (ret)
 674                 goto close;
 675
 676         ret = exfat_zero_out_disk(&bd, &ui);
 677         if (ret)
 678                 goto close;
 679
 680         ret = make_exfat(&bd, &ui);
 681         if (ret)
 682                 goto close;
 683
 684         exfat_info("Synchronizing...\n");
 685         ret = fsync(bd.dev_fd);
 686 close:
 687         close(bd.dev_fd);
 688 out:
 689         if (!ret)
 690                 exfat_info("\nexFAT format complete!\n");
 691         else
 692                 exfat_info("\nexFAT format fail!\n");
 693         return ret;
 694 }